Rising Cases of Ritual Killings in Nigeria: Imperatives for Legislative Intervention

Abstract

There is no denying the fact that ritual killings in Nigeria pose a grave threat to the safety and security of citizens, instilling fear and anxiety within the populace. While precise data is limited due to under reporting, it is estimated that over 168 in 2022 and 100 ritual-related deaths occurred in Nigeria in 2024 alone, a grim statistic that underscores the urgency of addressing this issue. Since 1999, the number of documented ritual killings has steadily increased, highlighting the need for comprehensive and decisive action. Ritual killings, characterized by the deliberate taking of human life for non-natural purposes such as the utilization of body parts in traditional medicine or for sacrificial offerings, have a long history in Nigeria. While precise data is limited, evidence suggests their continued occurrence, often targeting vulnerable groups such as children, women, and albinos. Several factors contribute to the perpetuation of ritual killings. Poverty and economic inequality can drive individuals towards desperate measures, including criminal activities. The erosion of traditional values and the persistent belief in the efficacy of ritual killings, particularly in certain regions, further fuel this heinous practice. The inadequacy of law enforcement, including underfunding, under-staffing, and corruption within the criminal justice system, hinders effective investigation and prosecution. Combating ritual killings requires a multi-pronged approach. This includes strengthening legislation with harsher penalties, enhancing law enforcement capacity through increased funding, training, and resources, and improving prosecution rates by providing greater support to prosecutors and witnesses. The policy recommends: a) The National Assembly should prioritize the enactment of specific legislation that explicitly criminalizes ritual killings, addressing the unique aspects of these crimes, such as the use of human body parts for ritual purposes. This legislation should include provisions for harsher penalties for perpetrators and enhanced legal protections for victims, b) The government should actively engage with traditional healers, religious leaders, and community elders to address the underlying beliefs and practices that may contribute to ritual killings, c) The government should establish and strengthen comprehensive support services for victims of ritual killings and their families and d) The government should actively support and promote community-based initiatives to raise awareness about the dangers of ritual killings, encourage the reporting of suspicious activities, and foster a stronger sense of community cohesion and social responsibility.