Non-Negotiation Policy and Safety of Nigerians: When Should We Talk to Terrorists and Bandits?

Abstract

This Policy Analysis stems from the ongoing conversations in Nigeria about the appropriateness or otherwise of negotiating with terrorists and bandits. It notes that though the refrain, ‘we do not negotiate with terrorists’ is common among Western governments - because negotiation could provide terrorists with the incentives, legitimacy, and motivation to continue their nefarious activities, there have been cases of exchange of prisoners between Western governments and terrorists, and release of hostages after payment of ransom to terrorist groups by some governments. It equally notes that the ‘no negotiation’ policy had in some instances led to a number of high-profile hostage killings, thus making some to advocate for negotiations with terrorists. Based on a thorough analysis of both positions, this Policy Analysis offers a general guidance to policymakers, especially the National Assembly, and the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA) and the military on how to tackle insecurity in Nigeria, including the conditions under which Nigeria may engage in negotiations with terrorists and bandits. The following are therefore suggested/recommended:  Policymakers need to understand that there is need for a robust multi-layered approach, which may include negotiation if and when the need arises;  Policymakers need to understand that negotiation with terrorists and bandits can lead to their legitimation, and it can also encourage them to transform into non-violent actors.